Introduction

This document uses the definition of resource, model, collection, value, service, client, and gateway as described in the RES Protocol specification.

The RES-Client protocol is used in communication between the client and the gateway.

Subscriptions

A core concept in the RES-Client protocol is the subscriptions. A client may subscribe to resources by making subscribe requests with the unique resource ID, or by getting a resource response on a call request or auth request.

A resource may be subscribed to directly or indirectly. Any reference in this document to subscription or a resource being subscribed to, should be interpreted as both direct and indirect subscriptions, unless specified.

The client will receive events on anything that happens on a subscribed resource. A subscription lasts as long as the resource has direct or indirect subscriptions, or when the connection to the gateway is closed.

Direct subscription

The resource that is subscribed to with a subscribe request, or returned as a resource response to a call request or auth request will be considered directly subscribed.

It is possible to have multiple direct subscriptions on a resource. It will be considered directly subscribed until the same number of subscriptions are matched using one ore more unsubscribe requests.

Indirect subscription

A resource that is referred to with a non-soft resource reference by a directly subscribed resource, or by an indirectly subscribed resource, will be considered indirectly subscribed. Cyclic references where none of the resources are directly subscribed will not be considered subscribed.

Resource set

Any request or event resulting in new subscriptions will contain a set of resources that contains any subscribed resource previously not subscribed by the client.

The set is grouped by type, models, collections, and errors. Each group is represented by a key/value object where the key is the resource ID, and the value is the model, collection, or error.

Example

{
	"models": {
		"messageService.message.1": {
			"id": 1,
			"msg": "foo"
		},
		"messageService.message.2": {
			"id": 2,
			"msg": "bar"
		}
	},
	"collections": {
		"messageService.messages": [
			{ "rid": "messageService.message.1" },
			{ "rid": "messageService.message.2" },
			{ "rid": "messageService.message.3" }
		]
	},
	"errors": {
		"messageService.message.3": {
			"code": "system.notFound",
			"message": "Not found"
		}
	}
}

Connection ID tag

A connection ID tag is a specific string, “{cid}” (without the quotation marks), that may be used as part of a resource ID.

The gateway will replace the tag with the client’s actual connection ID before passing any request further to the services.

Any event on a resource containing a connection ID tag will be sent to the client with the tag, never with the actual connection ID.

Example

authService.user.{cid} - Model representing the user currently logged in on the connection.

Client JSONRPC

The client RPC protocol is a variant of the JSONRPC 2.0 specification, with the RES gateway acting as server. It differs in the following:

• WebSockets SHOULD be used for transport
• Request object SHOULD NOT include the jsonrpc property
• Request object’s method property MUST be a valid request method
• Response object does NOT contain jsonrpc property
• Response object does NOT require the result property
• Error object’s MUST be a valid error object, where the code property MUST be a string.
• Batch requests are NOT supported
• Client notifications are NOT supported
• Server may send event objects

Error object

An error object has following members:

code
A dot-separated string identifying the error.
Custom errors SHOULD begin with the service name.
MUST be a string.

message
A simple error sentence describing the error.
MUST be a string.

data
Additional data that may be omitted.
The value is defined by the service.
It can be used to hold values for replacing placeholders in the message.

Pre-defined errors

There are a number of predefined errors.

Requests

Clients sends request to the gateway and the gateway responds with a request result or a request error. The request’s method property contains the request method, and the params property contains the parameters defined by the services for requests of type call and auth.

Request method

A request method is a string identifying the type of request, which resource it is made for, and in case of call and auth requests which resource method is called.
A request method has the following structure:

<type>.<resourceID>.<resourceMethod>

• type - the request type. May be either version, subscribe, unsubscribe, get, call, auth, or new.
• resourceID - the resource ID. Not used for version type requests.
• resourceMethod - the resource method. Only used for call or auth type requests.

Trailing separating dots (.) must not be included.

Examples

• version - Version request
• subscribe.userService.users - Subscribe request of a collection of users
• call.userService.user.42.set - Call request to set properties on a user
• new.userService.users - New request to create a new user
• auth.authService.login - Authentication request to login

Request types

Version request

method
version

Version requests are sent by the client to tell which RES protocol version it supports, and to get information on what protocol version the gateway supports.

The request SHOULD be the first request sent by the client after an established connection.

If not sent, or if the protocol property is omitted in the request, the gateway SHOULD assume version v1.1.x.

Parameters

The request parameters are optional.
It not omitted, the parameters object SHOULD have the following property:

protocol
The RES protocol version supported by the client.
MUST be a string in the format "[MAJOR].[MINOR].[PATCH]". Eg. "1.2.3".

Result

protocol
The RES protocol version supported by the gateway.
MUST be a string in the format "[MAJOR].[MINOR].[PATCH]". Eg. "1.2.3".

Error

A system.unsupportedProtocol error response will be sent if the gateway cannot support the client protocol version.
A system.invalidRequest error response will be sent if the gateway only supports RES Protocol v1.1.1 or below, prior to the introduction of the version request.

Subscribe request

method
subscribe.<resourceID>

Subscribe requests are sent by the client to subscribe to a resource.
The request has no parameters.

Result

models
Resource set models.
May be omitted if no new models were subscribed.

collections
Resource set collections.
May be omitted if no new collections were subscribed.

errors
Resource set errors.
May be omitted if no subscribed resources encountered errors.

Error

An error response will be sent if the resource couldn’t be subscribed to.
Any resource reference that fails will not lead to an error response, but the error will be added to the resource set errors.

Unsubscribe request

Unsubscribe requests are sent by the client to unsubscribe to previous direct subscriptions.

The resource will only be considered unsubscribed when there are no more direct or indirect subscriptions.

If the count property is omitted in the request, the value of 1 is assumed.

method
unsubscribe.<resourceID>

Parameters

The request parameters are optional.
It not omitted, the parameters object SHOULD have the following property:

count
The number of direct subscriptions to unsubscribe to.
MUST be a number greater than 0.

Result

The result has no payload.

Error

An error response with code system.noSubscription will be sent if the resource has no direct subscription, or if count exceeds the number of direct subscriptions. If so, the number of direct subscriptions will be unaffected.

Get request

Get requests are sent by the client to get a resource without making a subscription.

method
get.<resourceID>

Parameters

The request has no parameters.

Result

models
Resource set models.
May be omitted if no new models were retrieved.

collections
Resource set collections.
May be omitted if no new collections were retrieved.

errors
Resource set errors.
May be omitted if no retrieved resources encountered errors.

Error

An error response will be sent if the resource couldn’t be retrieved.
Any resource reference that fails will not lead to an error response, but the error will be added to the resource set errors.

Call request

Call requests are sent by the client to invoke a method on the resource. The response may either contain a result payload or a resource ID.

In case of a resource ID, the resource is considered directly subscribed.

method
call.<resourceID>.<resourceMethod>

Parameters

The request parameters are defined by the service.

Result

The result is an object with the following members:

payload
Result payload as defined by the service.
MUST be omitted if rid is set.
MUST NOT be omitted if rid is not set.

rid
Resource ID of subscribed resource.
MUST be omitted if payload is set.

models
Resource set models.
May be omitted if no new models were subscribed.
MUST be omitted if payload is set.

collections
Resource set collections.
May be omitted if no new collections were subscribed.
MUST be omitted if payload is set.

errors
Resource set errors.
May be omitted if no subscribed resources encountered errors.
MUST be omitted if payload is set.

Error

An error response will be sent if the method couldn’t be called, or if the method was called, but an error was encountered.

Auth request

Auth requests are sent by the client to authenticate the client connection. The response may either contain a result payload or a resource ID.

In case of a resource ID, the resource is considered directly subscribed.

method
auth.<resourceID>.<resourceMethod>

Parameters

The request parameters are defined by the service.

Result

The result is an object with the following members:

payload
Result payload as defined by the service.
MUST be omitted if rid is set.
MUST NOT be omitted if rid is not set.

rid
Resource ID of subscribed resource.
MUST be omitted if payload is set.

models
Resource set models.
May be omitted if no new models were subscribed.
MUST be omitted if payload is set.

collections
Resource set collections.
May be omitted if no new collections were subscribed.
MUST be omitted if payload is set.

Error

An error response will be sent if the method couldn’t be called, or if the authentication failed.

New request

DEPRECATED: Use call request instead.

New requests are sent by the client to create a new resource.

The newly created resource will get a direct subscription, and will be sent to the client in the resource set.

method
new.<resourceID>

Parameters

The request parameters are defined by the service.
For new models, the parameters are usually an object containing the named properties and values of the model.
For new collections, the parameters are usually an ordered array containing the values of the collection.

Result

rid
Resource ID of the created resource.

models
Resource set models.
May be omitted if no new models were subscribed.

collections
Resource set collections.
May be omitted if no new collections were subscribed.

errors
Resource set errors.
May be omitted if no subscribed resources encountered errors.

Error

An error response will be sent if the resource could not be created, or if an error was encountered retrieving the newly created resource.

Events

The gateway sends event objects to describe events on resources currently subscribed to by the client.

RES protocol does not guarantee that all events sent by the service will reach the client. It only guarantees that the events sent on a resource will describe the modifications required to get the resource into the same state as on the service.

Event object

An event object has the following members:

event
Identiying which resource the event occurred on, and the type of event.
It has the following structure:

<resourceID>.<eventName>

MUST be a string.

data
Event data. The payload is defined by the event type.

Model change event

Change events are sent when a model’s properties has been changed.
Will result in new indirect subscriptions if changed properties contain resource references previously not subscribed.
Change events are only sent on models.

event
<resourceID>.change

data
Change event object.

Change event object

The change event object has the following parameters:

values A key/value object describing the properties that was changed. Each property contains the new value or a delete action.
Unchanged properties may be included and SHOULD be ignored.

models
Resource set models.
May be omitted if no new models were subscribed.

collections
Resource set collections.
May be omitted if no new collections were subscribed.

errors
Resource set errors.
May be omitted if no subscribed resources encountered errors.

Example

{
	"event": "myService.myModel.change",
	"data": {
		"myProperty": "New value",
		"unusedProperty": { "action": "delete" }
	}
}

Delete action

A delete action is a JSON object used when a property has been deleted from a model. It has the following signature:

{ "action": "delete" }

Collection add event

Add events are sent when a value is added to a collection.
Will result in one or more new indirect subscriptions if added value is a resource references previously not subscribed.
Add events are only sent on collections.

event
<resourceID>.add

data
Add event object.

Add event object

The add event object has the following parameters:

idx
Zero-based index number of where the value is inserted.

value
Value that is added.

models
Resource set models.
May be omitted if no new models were subscribed.

collections
Resource set collections.
May be omitted if no new collections were subscribed.

errors
Resource set errors.
May be omitted if no subscribed resources encountered errors.

Example

{
	"event": "userService.users.add",
	"data": {
		"idx": 12,
		"value": { "rid": "userService.user.42" },
		"models": {
			"userService.user.42": {
				"id": 42,
				"firstName": "Jane",
				"lastName": "Doe"
			}
		}
	}
}

Collection remove event

Remove events are sent when a value is removed from a collection.
Remove events are only sent on collections.

event
<resourceID>.remove

data
Remove event object.

Remove event object

The remove event object has the following parameter:

idx
Zero-based index number of the value being removed.

Example

{
	"event": "userService.users.remove",
	"data": {
		"idx": 12,
	}
}

Custom event

Custom events are defined by the services, and may have any event name except the following:
add, change, create, delete, patch, reset, reaccess, remove or unsubscribe.
Custom events MUST NOT be used to change the state of the resource.

event
<resourceID>.<eventName>

data
Payload is defined by the service.

Unsubscribe event

Unsubscribe events are sent by the gateway when subcription access to a resource is revoked. Any direct subscription to the resource are removed.

The resource may still have indirect subscriptions, in which case the resource is still considered subscribed. Otherwise, the resource is no longer considered subscribed.

event
<resourceID>.unsubscribe

data
Unsubscribe event object.

Unsubscribe event object

The unsubscribe event object has the following parameter:

reason
Error object describing the reason for the event.

Example

{
	"event": "messageService.messages.unsubscribe",
	"data": {
		"reason": {
			"code": "system.accessDenied",
			"message": "Access denied"
		}
	}
}

Delete event

Delete events are sent to the client when the service considers the resource deleted.
The resource is still to be considered subscribed, but the client will not receive any more events on the resource.
The event has no payload.

event
<resourceID>.delete